"""

    Encodes `raw_data` into a sequence of bytes using RLP.

    Parameters

    ----------

    raw_data :

        A `Bytes`, `Uint`, `Uint256` or sequence of `RLP` encodable

        objects.

    Returns

    -------

    encoded : `ethereum.base_types.Bytes`

        The RLP encoded bytes representing `raw_data`.

    """

    if isinstance(raw_data, Sequence):

        if isinstance(raw_data, (bytearray, bytes)):

            return encode_bytes(raw_data)

        elif isinstance(raw_data, str):

            return encode_bytes(raw_data.encode())

        else:

            return encode_sequence(raw_data)

    elif isinstance(raw_data, (Uint, FixedUnsigned)):

        return encode(raw_data.to_be_bytes())

    elif isinstance(raw_data, bool):

        if raw_data:

            return encode_bytes(b"\x01")

        else:

            return encode_bytes(b"")

    elif is_dataclass(raw_data):

        return encode(astuple(raw_data))

    else:

        raise RLPEncodingError(

            "RLP Encoding of type {} is not supported".format(type(raw_data))

        )

    """

    Encodes `raw_bytes`, a sequence of bytes, using RLP.

    Parameters

    ----------

    raw_bytes :

        Bytes to encode with RLP.

    Returns

    -------

    encoded : `ethereum.base_types.Bytes`

        The RLP encoded bytes representing `raw_bytes`.

    """

    len_raw_data = len(raw_bytes)

    if len_raw_data == 1 and raw_bytes[0] < 0x80:

        return raw_bytes

    elif len_raw_data < 0x38:

        return bytes([0x80 + len_raw_data]) + raw_bytes

    else:

        # length of raw data represented as big endian bytes

        len_raw_data_as_be = Uint(len_raw_data).to_be_bytes()

        return (

            bytes([0xB7 + len(len_raw_data_as_be)])

            + len_raw_data_as_be

            + raw_bytes

        )

    """

    Encodes a list of RLP encodable objects (`raw_sequence`) using RLP.

    Parameters

    ----------

    raw_sequence :

            Sequence of RLP encodable objects.

    Returns

    -------

    encoded : `ethereum.base_types.Bytes`

        The RLP encoded bytes representing `raw_sequence`.

    """

    joined_encodings = get_joined_encodings(raw_sequence)

    len_joined_encodings = len(joined_encodings)

    if len_joined_encodings < 0x38:

        return Bytes([0xC0 + len_joined_encodings]) + joined_encodings

    else:

        len_joined_encodings_as_be = Uint(len_joined_encodings).to_be_bytes()

        return (

            Bytes([0xF7 + len(len_joined_encodings_as_be)])

            + len_joined_encodings_as_be

            + joined_encodings

        )

    """

    Obtain concatenation of rlp encoding for each item in the sequence

    raw_sequence.

    Parameters

    ----------

    raw_sequence :

        Sequence to encode with RLP.

    Returns

    -------

    joined_encodings : `ethereum.base_types.Bytes`

        The concatenated RLP encoded bytes for each item in sequence

        raw_sequence.

    """

    return b"".join(encode(item) for item in raw_sequence)

    """

    Decodes an integer, byte sequence, or list of RLP encodable objects

    from the byte sequence `encoded_data`, using RLP.

    Parameters

    ----------

    encoded_data :

        A sequence of bytes, in RLP form.

    Returns

    -------

    decoded_data : `RLP`

        Object decoded from `encoded_data`.

    """

    if len(encoded_data) <= 0:

        raise RLPDecodingError("Cannot decode empty bytestring")

    if encoded_data[0] <= 0xBF:

        # This means that the raw data is of type bytes

        return decode_to_bytes(encoded_data)

    else:

        # This means that the raw data is of type sequence

        return decode_to_sequence(encoded_data)

    """

    Decode the bytes in `encoded_data` to an object of type `cls`. `cls` can be

    a `Bytes` subclass, a dataclass, `Uint`, `U256` or `Tuple[cls]`.

    Parameters

    ----------

    cls: `Type[U]`

        The type to decode to.

    encoded_data :

        A sequence of bytes, in RLP form.

    Returns

    -------

    decoded_data : `U`

        Object decoded from `encoded_data`.

    """

    decoded = decode(encoded_data)

    return 
ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:0ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:1ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:2
_deserialize_to
(cls, decoded)

    pass

    pass

    if not isinstance(class_, type):

        return _deserialize_to_annotation(class_, value)

    elif is_dataclass(class_):

        return _deserialize_to_dataclass(class_, value)

    elif issubclass(class_, (Uint, FixedUnsigned)):

        return _deserialize_to_uint(class_, value)

    elif issubclass(class_, (Bytes, FixedBytes)):

        return _deserialize_to_bytes(class_, value)

    elif class_ is bool:

        return _deserialize_to_bool(value)

    else:

        raise NotImplementedError(class_)

    assert is_dataclass(cls)

    hints = get_type_hints(cls)

    target_fields = fields(cls)

    if isinstance(decoded, bytes):

        raise RLPDecodingError(f"got `bytes` while decoding `{cls.__name__}`")

    if len(target_fields) != len(decoded):

        name = cls.__name__

        actual = len(decoded)

        expected = len(target_fields)

        raise RLPDecodingError(

            f"`{name}` needs {expected} field(s), but got {actual} instead"

        )

    values: Dict[str, Any] = {}

    for value, target_field in zip(decoded, target_fields):

        resolved_type = hints[target_field.name]

        values[target_field.name] = 
ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:0ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:1ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:2
_deserialize_to
(resolved_type, value)

    result = cls(**values)

    assert isinstance(result, cls)

    return cast(U, result)

    if value == b"":

        return False

    elif value == b"\x01":

        return True

    else:

        raise RLPDecodingError

    if not isinstance(value, bytes):

        raise RLPDecodingError

    try:

        return class_(value)

    except ValueError as e:

        raise RLPDecodingError from e

    if not isinstance(decoded, bytes):

        raise RLPDecodingError

    try:

        return class_.from_be_bytes(decoded)

    except ValueError as e:

        raise RLPDecodingError from e

    origin = get_origin(annotation)

    if origin is Union:

        return _deserialize_to_union(annotation, value)

    elif origin in (Tuple, tuple):

        return _deserialize_to_tuple(annotation, value)

    elif origin is None:

        raise Exception(annotation)

    else:

        raise NotImplementedError(f"RLP non-type {origin!r}")

    arguments = get_args(annotation)

    successes = []

    failures = []

    for argument in arguments:

        try:

            success = 
ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:0ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:1ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:2
_deserialize_to
(argument, value)

        except Exception as e:

            failures.append(e)

            continue

        successes.append(success)

    if len(successes) == 1:

        return successes[0]

    elif not successes:

        raise RLPDecodingError(f"no matching union variant\n{failures!r}")

    else:

        raise RLPDecodingError("multiple matching union variants")

    if isinstance(values, bytes):

        raise RLPDecodingError

    arguments = list(get_args(annotation))

    if arguments[-1] is Ellipsis:

        arguments.pop()

        fill_count = len(values) - len(arguments)

        arguments = list(arguments) + [arguments[-1]] * fill_count

    decoded = []

    for argument, value in zip(arguments, values):

        decoded.append(
ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:0ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:1ethereum.rlp._deserialize_to:2
_deserialize_to
(argument, value))

    return tuple(decoded)

    """

    Decodes a rlp encoded byte stream assuming that the decoded data

    should be of type `bytes`.

    Parameters

    ----------

    encoded_bytes :

        RLP encoded byte stream.

    Returns

    -------

    decoded : `ethereum.base_types.Bytes`

        RLP decoded Bytes data

    """

    if len(encoded_bytes) == 1 and encoded_bytes[0] < 0x80:

        return encoded_bytes

    elif encoded_bytes[0] <= 0xB7:

        len_raw_data = encoded_bytes[0] - 0x80

        if len_raw_data >= len(encoded_bytes):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        raw_data = encoded_bytes[1 : 1 + len_raw_data]

        if len_raw_data == 1 and raw_data[0] < 0x80:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        return raw_data

    else:

        # This is the index in the encoded data at which decoded data

        # starts from.

        decoded_data_start_idx = 1 + encoded_bytes[0] - 0xB7

        if decoded_data_start_idx - 1 >= len(encoded_bytes):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        if encoded_bytes[1] == 0:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        len_decoded_data = int(

            Uint.from_be_bytes(encoded_bytes[1:decoded_data_start_idx])

        )

        if len_decoded_data < 0x38:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        decoded_data_end_idx = decoded_data_start_idx + int(len_decoded_data)

        if decoded_data_end_idx - 1 >= len(encoded_bytes):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        return encoded_bytes[decoded_data_start_idx:decoded_data_end_idx]

    """

    Decodes a rlp encoded byte stream assuming that the decoded data

    should be of type `Sequence` of objects.

    Parameters

    ----------

    encoded_sequence :

        An RLP encoded Sequence.

    Returns

    -------

    decoded : `Sequence[RLP]`

        Sequence of objects decoded from `encoded_sequence`.

    """

    if encoded_sequence[0] <= 0xF7:

        len_joined_encodings = encoded_sequence[0] - 0xC0

        if len_joined_encodings >= len(encoded_sequence):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        joined_encodings = encoded_sequence[1 : 1 + len_joined_encodings]

    else:

        joined_encodings_start_idx = 1 + encoded_sequence[0] - 0xF7

        if joined_encodings_start_idx - 1 >= len(encoded_sequence):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        if encoded_sequence[1] == 0:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        len_joined_encodings = int(

            Uint.from_be_bytes(encoded_sequence[1:joined_encodings_start_idx])

        )

        if len_joined_encodings < 0x38:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        joined_encodings_end_idx = (

            joined_encodings_start_idx + len_joined_encodings

        )

        if joined_encodings_end_idx - 1 >= len(encoded_sequence):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        joined_encodings = encoded_sequence[

            joined_encodings_start_idx:joined_encodings_end_idx

        ]

    return decode_joined_encodings(joined_encodings)

    """

    Decodes `joined_encodings`, which is a concatenation of RLP encoded

    objects.

    Parameters

    ----------

    joined_encodings :

        concatenation of RLP encoded objects

    Returns

    -------

    decoded : `List[RLP]`

        A list of objects decoded from `joined_encodings`.

    """

    decoded_sequence = []

    item_start_idx = 0

    while item_start_idx < len(joined_encodings):

        encoded_item_length = decode_item_length(

            joined_encodings[item_start_idx:]

        )

        if item_start_idx + encoded_item_length - 1 >= len(joined_encodings):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        encoded_item = joined_encodings[

            item_start_idx : item_start_idx + encoded_item_length

        ]

        decoded_sequence.append(decode(encoded_item))

        item_start_idx += encoded_item_length

    return decoded_sequence

    """

    Find the length of the rlp encoding for the first object in the

    encoded sequence.

    Here `encoded_data` refers to concatenation of rlp encoding for each

    item in a sequence.

    NOTE - This is a helper function not described in the spec. It was

    introduced as the spec doesn't discuss about decoding the RLP encoded

    data.

    Parameters

    ----------

    encoded_data :

        RLP encoded data for a sequence of objects.

    Returns

    -------

    rlp_length : `int`

    """

    if len(encoded_data) <= 0:

        raise RLPDecodingError

    first_rlp_byte = encoded_data[0]

    # This is the length of the big endian representation of the length of

    # rlp encoded object byte stream.

    length_length = 0

    decoded_data_length = 0

    # This occurs only when the raw_data is a single byte whose value < 128

    if first_rlp_byte < 0x80:

        # We return 1 here, as the end formula

        # 1 + length_length + decoded_data_length would be invalid for

        # this case.

        return 1

    # This occurs only when the raw_data is a byte stream with length < 56

    # and doesn't fall into the above cases

    elif first_rlp_byte <= 0xB7:

        decoded_data_length = first_rlp_byte - 0x80

    # This occurs only when the raw_data is a byte stream and doesn't fall

    # into the above cases

    elif first_rlp_byte <= 0xBF:

        length_length = first_rlp_byte - 0xB7

        if length_length >= len(encoded_data):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        if encoded_data[1] == 0:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        decoded_data_length = int(

            Uint.from_be_bytes(encoded_data[1 : 1 + length_length])

        )

    # This occurs only when the raw_data is a sequence of objects with

    # length(concatenation of encoding of each object) < 56

    elif first_rlp_byte <= 0xF7:

        decoded_data_length = first_rlp_byte - 0xC0

    # This occurs only when the raw_data is a sequence of objects and

    # doesn't fall into the above cases.

    elif first_rlp_byte <= 0xFF:

        length_length = first_rlp_byte - 0xF7

        if length_length >= len(encoded_data):

            raise RLPDecodingError

        if encoded_data[1] == 0:

            raise RLPDecodingError

        decoded_data_length = int(

            Uint.from_be_bytes(encoded_data[1 : 1 + length_length])

        )

    return 1 + length_length + decoded_data_length

    """

    Obtain the keccak-256 hash of the rlp encoding of the passed in data.

    Parameters

    ----------

    data :

        The data for which we need the rlp hash.

    Returns

    -------

    hash : `Hash32`

        The rlp hash of the passed in data.

    """

    return keccak256(encode(data))