ethereum.homestead.vm.gas
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Gas ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. contents:: Table of Contents :backlinks: none :local:
Introduction
EVM gas constants and calculators.
GAS_JUMPDEST
27 | GAS_JUMPDEST = Uint(1) |
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GAS_BASE
28 | GAS_BASE = Uint(2) |
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GAS_VERY_LOW
29 | GAS_VERY_LOW = Uint(3) |
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GAS_SLOAD
30 | GAS_SLOAD = Uint(50) |
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GAS_STORAGE_SET
31 | GAS_STORAGE_SET = Uint(20000) |
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GAS_STORAGE_UPDATE
32 | GAS_STORAGE_UPDATE = Uint(5000) |
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GAS_STORAGE_CLEAR_REFUND
33 | GAS_STORAGE_CLEAR_REFUND = Uint(15000) |
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GAS_LOW
34 | GAS_LOW = Uint(5) |
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GAS_MID
35 | GAS_MID = Uint(8) |
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GAS_HIGH
36 | GAS_HIGH = Uint(10) |
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GAS_EXPONENTIATION
37 | GAS_EXPONENTIATION = Uint(10) |
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GAS_EXPONENTIATION_PER_BYTE
38 | GAS_EXPONENTIATION_PER_BYTE = Uint(10) |
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GAS_MEMORY
39 | GAS_MEMORY = Uint(3) |
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GAS_KECCAK256
40 | GAS_KECCAK256 = Uint(30) |
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GAS_KECCAK256_WORD
41 | GAS_KECCAK256_WORD = Uint(6) |
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GAS_COPY
42 | GAS_COPY = Uint(3) |
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GAS_BLOCK_HASH
43 | GAS_BLOCK_HASH = Uint(20) |
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GAS_EXTERNAL
44 | GAS_EXTERNAL = Uint(20) |
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GAS_BALANCE
45 | GAS_BALANCE = Uint(20) |
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GAS_LOG
46 | GAS_LOG = Uint(375) |
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GAS_LOG_DATA
47 | GAS_LOG_DATA = Uint(8) |
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GAS_LOG_TOPIC
48 | GAS_LOG_TOPIC = Uint(375) |
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GAS_CREATE
49 | GAS_CREATE = Uint(32000) |
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GAS_CODE_DEPOSIT
50 | GAS_CODE_DEPOSIT = Uint(200) |
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GAS_ZERO
51 | GAS_ZERO = Uint(0) |
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GAS_CALL
52 | GAS_CALL = Uint(40) |
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GAS_NEW_ACCOUNT
53 | GAS_NEW_ACCOUNT = Uint(25000) |
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GAS_CALL_VALUE
54 | GAS_CALL_VALUE = Uint(9000) |
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GAS_CALL_STIPEND
55 | GAS_CALL_STIPEND = Uint(2300) |
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REFUND_SELF_DESTRUCT
56 | REFUND_SELF_DESTRUCT = Uint(24000) |
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GAS_ECRECOVER
57 | GAS_ECRECOVER = Uint(3000) |
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GAS_SHA256
58 | GAS_SHA256 = Uint(60) |
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GAS_SHA256_WORD
59 | GAS_SHA256_WORD = Uint(12) |
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GAS_RIPEMD160
60 | GAS_RIPEMD160 = Uint(600) |
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GAS_RIPEMD160_WORD
61 | GAS_RIPEMD160_WORD = Uint(120) |
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GAS_IDENTITY
62 | GAS_IDENTITY = Uint(15) |
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GAS_IDENTITY_WORD
63 | GAS_IDENTITY_WORD = Uint(3) |
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ExtendMemory
Define the parameters for memory extension in opcodes
cost
: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas required to perform the extension
expand_by
: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The size by which the memory will be extended
66 | @dataclass |
---|
class ExtendMemory:
cost
77 | cost: Uint |
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expand_by
78 | expand_by: Uint |
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MessageCallGas
Define the gas cost and stipend for executing the call opcodes.
cost
: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The non-refundable portion of gas reserved for executing the
call opcode.
stipend
: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The portion of gas available to sub-calls that is refundable
if not consumed
81 | @dataclass |
---|
class MessageCallGas:
cost
94 | cost: Uint |
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stipend
95 | stipend: Uint |
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charge_gas
Subtracts amount
from evm.gas_left
.
Parameters
evm : The current EVM. amount : The amount of gas the current operation requires.
def charge_gas(evm: Evm, amount: Uint) -> None:
99 | """ |
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100 | Subtracts `amount` from `evm.gas_left`. |
101 |
|
102 | Parameters |
103 | ---------- |
104 | evm : |
105 | The current EVM. |
106 | amount : |
107 | The amount of gas the current operation requires. |
108 |
|
109 | """ |
110 | evm_trace(evm, GasAndRefund(int(amount))) |
111 | |
112 | if evm.gas_left < amount: |
113 | raise OutOfGasError |
114 | else: |
115 | evm.gas_left -= amount |
calculate_memory_gas_cost
Calculates the gas cost for allocating memory to the smallest multiple of 32 bytes, such that the allocated size is at least as big as the given size.
Parameters
size_in_bytes : The size of the data in bytes.
Returns
total_gas_cost : ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas cost for storing data in memory.
def calculate_memory_gas_cost(size_in_bytes: Uint) -> Uint:
119 | """ |
---|---|
120 | Calculates the gas cost for allocating memory |
121 | to the smallest multiple of 32 bytes, |
122 | such that the allocated size is at least as big as the given size. |
123 |
|
124 | Parameters |
125 | ---------- |
126 | size_in_bytes : |
127 | The size of the data in bytes. |
128 |
|
129 | Returns |
130 | ------- |
131 | total_gas_cost : `ethereum.base_types.Uint` |
132 | The gas cost for storing data in memory. |
133 | """ |
134 | size_in_words = ceil32(size_in_bytes) // Uint(32) |
135 | linear_cost = size_in_words * GAS_MEMORY |
136 | quadratic_cost = size_in_words ** Uint(2) // Uint(512) |
137 | total_gas_cost = linear_cost + quadratic_cost |
138 | try: |
139 | return total_gas_cost |
140 | except ValueError: |
141 | raise OutOfGasError |
calculate_gas_extend_memory
Calculates the gas amount to extend memory
Parameters
memory : Memory contents of the EVM. extensions: List of extensions to be made to the memory. Consists of a tuple of start position and size.
Returns
extend_memory: ExtendMemory
def calculate_gas_extend_memory(memory: bytearray, extensions: List[Tuple[U256, U256]]) -> ExtendMemory:
147 | """ |
---|---|
148 | Calculates the gas amount to extend memory |
149 |
|
150 | Parameters |
151 | ---------- |
152 | memory : |
153 | Memory contents of the EVM. |
154 | extensions: |
155 | List of extensions to be made to the memory. |
156 | Consists of a tuple of start position and size. |
157 |
|
158 | Returns |
159 | ------- |
160 | extend_memory: `ExtendMemory` |
161 | """ |
162 | size_to_extend = Uint(0) |
163 | to_be_paid = Uint(0) |
164 | current_size = Uint(len(memory)) |
165 | for start_position, size in extensions: |
166 | if size == 0: |
167 | continue |
168 | before_size = ceil32(current_size) |
169 | after_size = ceil32(Uint(start_position) + Uint(size)) |
170 | if after_size <= before_size: |
171 | continue |
172 |
|
173 | size_to_extend += after_size - before_size |
174 | already_paid = calculate_memory_gas_cost(before_size) |
175 | total_cost = calculate_memory_gas_cost(after_size) |
176 | to_be_paid += total_cost - already_paid |
177 |
|
178 | current_size = after_size |
179 | |
180 | return ExtendMemory(to_be_paid, size_to_extend) |
calculate_message_call_gas
Calculates the gas amount for executing Opcodes CALL
and CALLCODE
.
Parameters
state :
The current state.
gas :
The amount of gas provided to the message-call.
to:
The address of the recipient account.
value:
The amount of ETH
that needs to be transferred.
Returns
message_call_gas: MessageCallGas
def calculate_message_call_gas(state: State, gas: Uint, to: Address, value: U256) -> MessageCallGas:
186 | """ |
---|---|
187 | Calculates the gas amount for executing Opcodes `CALL` and `CALLCODE`. |
188 |
|
189 | Parameters |
190 | ---------- |
191 | state : |
192 | The current state. |
193 | gas : |
194 | The amount of gas provided to the message-call. |
195 | to: |
196 | The address of the recipient account. |
197 | value: |
198 | The amount of `ETH` that needs to be transferred. |
199 |
|
200 | Returns |
201 | ------- |
202 | message_call_gas: `MessageCallGas` |
203 | """ |
204 | create_gas_cost = Uint(0) if account_exists(state, to) else GAS_NEW_ACCOUNT |
205 | transfer_gas_cost = Uint(0) if value == 0 else GAS_CALL_VALUE |
206 | cost = GAS_CALL + gas + create_gas_cost + transfer_gas_cost |
207 | stipend = gas if value == 0 else GAS_CALL_STIPEND + gas |
208 | return MessageCallGas(cost, stipend) |