ethereum.forks.prague.vm.gas
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Gas.
.. contents:: Table of Contents :backlinks: none :local:
Introduction
EVM gas constants and calculators.
GasCosts ¶
Constant gas values for the EVM.
class GasCosts:
BASE¶
| 36 | BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(2) |
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VERY_LOW¶
| 37 | VERY_LOW: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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LOW¶
| 38 | LOW: Final[Uint] = Uint(5) |
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MID¶
| 39 | MID: Final[Uint] = Uint(8) |
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HIGH¶
| 40 | HIGH: Final[Uint] = Uint(10) |
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WARM_ACCESS¶
| 43 | WARM_ACCESS: Final[Uint] = Uint(100) |
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COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS¶
| 44 | COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS: Final[Uint] = Uint(2600) |
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COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS¶
| 45 | COLD_STORAGE_ACCESS: Final[Uint] = Uint(2100) |
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STORAGE_SET¶
| 48 | STORAGE_SET: Final[Uint] = Uint(20000) |
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COLD_STORAGE_WRITE¶
| 49 | COLD_STORAGE_WRITE: Final[Uint] = Uint(5000) |
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CALL_STIPEND¶
| 52 | CALL_STIPEND: Final[Uint] = Uint(2300) |
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CALL_VALUE¶
| 53 | CALL_VALUE: Final[Uint] = Uint(9000) |
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NEW_ACCOUNT¶
| 54 | NEW_ACCOUNT: Final[Uint] = Uint(25000) |
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CODE_DEPOSIT_PER_BYTE¶
| 57 | CODE_DEPOSIT_PER_BYTE: Final[Uint] = Uint(200) |
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CODE_INIT_PER_WORD¶
| 58 | CODE_INIT_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(2) |
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AUTH_PER_EMPTY_ACCOUNT¶
| 61 | AUTH_PER_EMPTY_ACCOUNT: Final[int] = 25000 |
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ZERO¶
| 64 | ZERO: Final[Uint] = Uint(0) |
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MEMORY_PER_WORD¶
| 65 | MEMORY_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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FAST_STEP¶
| 66 | FAST_STEP: Final[Uint] = Uint(5) |
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REFUND_STORAGE_CLEAR¶
| 69 | REFUND_STORAGE_CLEAR: Final[int] = 4800 |
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PRECOMPILE_ECRECOVER¶
| 72 | PRECOMPILE_ECRECOVER: Final[Uint] = Uint(3000) |
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PRECOMPILE_SHA256_BASE¶
| 73 | PRECOMPILE_SHA256_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(60) |
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PRECOMPILE_SHA256_PER_WORD¶
| 74 | PRECOMPILE_SHA256_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(12) |
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PRECOMPILE_RIPEMD160_BASE¶
| 75 | PRECOMPILE_RIPEMD160_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(600) |
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PRECOMPILE_RIPEMD160_PER_WORD¶
| 76 | PRECOMPILE_RIPEMD160_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(120) |
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PRECOMPILE_IDENTITY_BASE¶
| 77 | PRECOMPILE_IDENTITY_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(15) |
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PRECOMPILE_IDENTITY_PER_WORD¶
| 78 | PRECOMPILE_IDENTITY_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLAKE2F_PER_ROUND¶
| 79 | PRECOMPILE_BLAKE2F_PER_ROUND: Final[Uint] = Uint(1) |
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PRECOMPILE_POINT_EVALUATION¶
| 80 | PRECOMPILE_POINT_EVALUATION: Final[Uint] = Uint(50000) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1ADD¶
| 81 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1ADD: Final[Uint] = Uint(375) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1MUL¶
| 82 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1MUL: Final[Uint] = Uint(12000) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1MAP¶
| 83 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G1MAP: Final[Uint] = Uint(5500) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2ADD¶
| 84 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2ADD: Final[Uint] = Uint(600) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2MUL¶
| 85 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2MUL: Final[Uint] = Uint(22500) |
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PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2MAP¶
| 86 | PRECOMPILE_BLS_G2MAP: Final[Uint] = Uint(23800) |
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PRECOMPILE_ECADD¶
| 87 | PRECOMPILE_ECADD: Final[Uint] = Uint(150) |
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PRECOMPILE_ECMUL¶
| 88 | PRECOMPILE_ECMUL: Final[Uint] = Uint(6000) |
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PRECOMPILE_ECPAIRING_BASE¶
| 89 | PRECOMPILE_ECPAIRING_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(45000) |
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PRECOMPILE_ECPAIRING_PER_POINT¶
| 90 | PRECOMPILE_ECPAIRING_PER_POINT: Final[Uint] = Uint(34000) |
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PER_BLOB¶
| 93 | PER_BLOB: Final[U64] = U64(2**17) |
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BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK¶
| 94 | BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK: Final[U64] = U64(786432) |
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BLOB_MIN_GASPRICE¶
| 95 | BLOB_MIN_GASPRICE: Final[Uint] = Uint(1) |
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BLOB_BASE_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION¶
| 96 | BLOB_BASE_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION: Final[Uint] = Uint(5007716) |
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TX_BASE¶
| 99 | TX_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(21000) |
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TX_CREATE¶
| 100 | TX_CREATE: Final[Uint] = Uint(32000) |
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TX_DATA_TOKEN_STANDARD¶
| 101 | TX_DATA_TOKEN_STANDARD: Final[Uint] = Uint(4) |
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TX_DATA_TOKEN_FLOOR¶
| 102 | TX_DATA_TOKEN_FLOOR: Final[Uint] = Uint(10) |
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TX_ACCESS_LIST_ADDRESS¶
| 103 | TX_ACCESS_LIST_ADDRESS: Final[Uint] = Uint(2400) |
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TX_ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY¶
| 104 | TX_ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY: Final[Uint] = Uint(1900) |
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LIMIT_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR¶
| 107 | LIMIT_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR: Final[Uint] = Uint(1024) |
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LIMIT_MINIMUM¶
| 108 | LIMIT_MINIMUM: Final[Uint] = Uint(5000) |
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OPCODE_ADD¶
| 111 | OPCODE_ADD: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SUB¶
| 112 | OPCODE_SUB: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_MUL¶
| 113 | OPCODE_MUL: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_DIV¶
| 114 | OPCODE_DIV: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_SDIV¶
| 115 | OPCODE_SDIV: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_MOD¶
| 116 | OPCODE_MOD: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_SMOD¶
| 117 | OPCODE_SMOD: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_ADDMOD¶
| 118 | OPCODE_ADDMOD: Final[Uint] = MID |
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OPCODE_MULMOD¶
| 119 | OPCODE_MULMOD: Final[Uint] = MID |
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OPCODE_SIGNEXTEND¶
| 120 | OPCODE_SIGNEXTEND: Final[Uint] = LOW |
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OPCODE_LT¶
| 121 | OPCODE_LT: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_GT¶
| 122 | OPCODE_GT: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SLT¶
| 123 | OPCODE_SLT: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SGT¶
| 124 | OPCODE_SGT: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_EQ¶
| 125 | OPCODE_EQ: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_ISZERO¶
| 126 | OPCODE_ISZERO: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_AND¶
| 127 | OPCODE_AND: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_OR¶
| 128 | OPCODE_OR: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_XOR¶
| 129 | OPCODE_XOR: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_NOT¶
| 130 | OPCODE_NOT: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_BYTE¶
| 131 | OPCODE_BYTE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SHL¶
| 132 | OPCODE_SHL: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SHR¶
| 133 | OPCODE_SHR: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SAR¶
| 134 | OPCODE_SAR: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_JUMP¶
| 135 | OPCODE_JUMP: Final[Uint] = MID |
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OPCODE_JUMPI¶
| 136 | OPCODE_JUMPI: Final[Uint] = HIGH |
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OPCODE_JUMPDEST¶
| 137 | OPCODE_JUMPDEST: Final[Uint] = Uint(1) |
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OPCODE_CALLDATALOAD¶
| 138 | OPCODE_CALLDATALOAD: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_BLOCKHASH¶
| 139 | OPCODE_BLOCKHASH: Final[Uint] = Uint(20) |
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OPCODE_COINBASE¶
| 140 | OPCODE_COINBASE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_POP¶
| 141 | OPCODE_POP: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_MSIZE¶
| 142 | OPCODE_MSIZE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_PC¶
| 143 | OPCODE_PC: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_GAS¶
| 144 | OPCODE_GAS: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_ADDRESS¶
| 145 | OPCODE_ADDRESS: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_ORIGIN¶
| 146 | OPCODE_ORIGIN: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_CALLER¶
| 147 | OPCODE_CALLER: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_CALLVALUE¶
| 148 | OPCODE_CALLVALUE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_CALLDATASIZE¶
| 149 | OPCODE_CALLDATASIZE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_CODESIZE¶
| 150 | OPCODE_CODESIZE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_GASPRICE¶
| 151 | OPCODE_GASPRICE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_TIMESTAMP¶
| 152 | OPCODE_TIMESTAMP: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_NUMBER¶
| 153 | OPCODE_NUMBER: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_GASLIMIT¶
| 154 | OPCODE_GASLIMIT: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_PREVRANDAO¶
| 155 | OPCODE_PREVRANDAO: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_RETURNDATASIZE¶
| 156 | OPCODE_RETURNDATASIZE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_CHAINID¶
| 157 | OPCODE_CHAINID: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_SELFBALANCE¶
| 158 | OPCODE_SELFBALANCE: Final[Uint] = FAST_STEP |
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OPCODE_BASEFEE¶
| 159 | OPCODE_BASEFEE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_BLOBBASEFEE¶
| 160 | OPCODE_BLOBBASEFEE: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_BLOBHASH¶
| 161 | OPCODE_BLOBHASH: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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OPCODE_PUSH¶
| 162 | OPCODE_PUSH: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_PUSH0¶
| 163 | OPCODE_PUSH0: Final[Uint] = BASE |
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OPCODE_DUP¶
| 164 | OPCODE_DUP: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_SWAP¶
| 165 | OPCODE_SWAP: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_TLOAD¶
| 166 | OPCODE_TLOAD: Final[Uint] = WARM_ACCESS |
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OPCODE_TSTORE¶
| 167 | OPCODE_TSTORE: Final[Uint] = WARM_ACCESS |
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OPCODE_RETURNDATACOPY_BASE¶
| 170 | OPCODE_RETURNDATACOPY_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_RETURNDATACOPY_PER_WORD¶
| 171 | OPCODE_RETURNDATACOPY_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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OPCODE_CALLDATACOPY_BASE¶
| 172 | OPCODE_CALLDATACOPY_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_CODECOPY_BASE¶
| 173 | OPCODE_CODECOPY_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_MCOPY_BASE¶
| 174 | OPCODE_MCOPY_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_MLOAD_BASE¶
| 175 | OPCODE_MLOAD_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_MSTORE_BASE¶
| 176 | OPCODE_MSTORE_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_MSTORE8_BASE¶
| 177 | OPCODE_MSTORE8_BASE: Final[Uint] = VERY_LOW |
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OPCODE_COPY_PER_WORD¶
| 178 | OPCODE_COPY_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(3) |
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OPCODE_CREATE_BASE¶
| 179 | OPCODE_CREATE_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(32000) |
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OPCODE_EXP_BASE¶
| 180 | OPCODE_EXP_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(10) |
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OPCODE_EXP_PER_BYTE¶
| 181 | OPCODE_EXP_PER_BYTE: Final[Uint] = Uint(50) |
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OPCODE_KECCAK256_BASE¶
| 182 | OPCODE_KECCAK256_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(30) |
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OPCODE_KECCAK256_PER_WORD¶
| 183 | OPCODE_KECCAK256_PER_WORD: Final[Uint] = Uint(6) |
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OPCODE_LOG_BASE¶
| 184 | OPCODE_LOG_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(375) |
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OPCODE_LOG_DATA_PER_BYTE¶
| 185 | OPCODE_LOG_DATA_PER_BYTE: Final[Uint] = Uint(8) |
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OPCODE_LOG_TOPIC¶
| 186 | OPCODE_LOG_TOPIC: Final[Uint] = Uint(375) |
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OPCODE_SELFDESTRUCT_BASE¶
| 187 | OPCODE_SELFDESTRUCT_BASE: Final[Uint] = Uint(5000) |
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OPCODE_SELFDESTRUCT_NEW_ACCOUNT¶
| 188 | OPCODE_SELFDESTRUCT_NEW_ACCOUNT: Final[Uint] = Uint(25000) |
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ExtendMemory ¶
Define the parameters for memory extension in opcodes.
cost: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas required to perform the extension
expand_by: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The size by which the memory will be extended
| 191 | @final |
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| 192 | @dataclass |
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class ExtendMemory:
cost¶
| 203 | cost: Uint |
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expand_by¶
| 204 | expand_by: Uint |
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MessageCallGas ¶
Define the gas cost and gas given to the sub-call for executing the call opcodes.
cost: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas required to execute the call opcode, excludes
memory expansion costs.
sub_call: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The portion of gas available to sub-calls that is refundable
if not consumed.
| 207 | @final |
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| 208 | @dataclass |
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class MessageCallGas:
cost¶
| 222 | cost: Uint |
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sub_call¶
| 223 | sub_call: Uint |
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charge_gas ¶
Subtracts amount from evm.gas_left.
Parameters
evm : The current EVM. amount : The amount of gas the current operation requires.
calculate_memory_gas_cost ¶
Calculates the gas cost for allocating memory to the smallest multiple of 32 bytes, such that the allocated size is at least as big as the given size.
Parameters
size_in_bytes : The size of the data in bytes.
Returns
total_gas_cost : ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas cost for storing data in memory.
def calculate_memory_gas_cost(size_in_bytes: Uint) -> Uint:
| 247 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 263 | size_in_words = ceil32(size_in_bytes) // Uint(32) |
| 264 | linear_cost = size_in_words * GasCosts.MEMORY_PER_WORD |
| 265 | quadratic_cost = size_in_words ** Uint(2) // Uint(512) |
| 266 | total_gas_cost = linear_cost + quadratic_cost |
| 267 | try: |
| 268 | return total_gas_cost |
| 269 | except ValueError as e: |
| 270 | raise OutOfGasError from e |
calculate_gas_extend_memory ¶
Calculates the gas amount to extend memory.
Parameters
memory : Memory contents of the EVM. extensions: List of extensions to be made to the memory. Consists of a tuple of start position and size.
Returns
extend_memory: ExtendMemory
def calculate_gas_extend_memory(memory: bytearray, extensions: List[Tuple[U256, U256]]) -> ExtendMemory:
| 276 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 292 | size_to_extend = Uint(0) |
| 293 | to_be_paid = Uint(0) |
| 294 | current_size = ulen(memory) |
| 295 | for start_position, size in extensions: |
| 296 | if size == 0: |
| 297 | continue |
| 298 | before_size = ceil32(current_size) |
| 299 | after_size = ceil32(Uint(start_position) + Uint(size)) |
| 300 | if after_size <= before_size: |
| 301 | continue |
| 302 | |
| 303 | size_to_extend += after_size - before_size |
| 304 | already_paid = calculate_memory_gas_cost(before_size) |
| 305 | total_cost = calculate_memory_gas_cost(after_size) |
| 306 | to_be_paid += total_cost - already_paid |
| 307 | |
| 308 | current_size = after_size |
| 309 | |
| 310 | return ExtendMemory(to_be_paid, size_to_extend) |
calculate_message_call_gas ¶
Calculates the MessageCallGas (cost and gas made available to the sub-call) for executing call Opcodes.
Parameters
value:
The amount of ETH that needs to be transferred.
gas :
The amount of gas provided to the message-call.
gas_left :
The amount of gas left in the current frame.
memory_cost :
The amount needed to extend the memory in the current frame.
extra_gas :
The amount of gas needed for transferring value + creating a new
account inside a message call.
call_stipend :
The amount of stipend provided to a message call to execute code while
transferring value (ETH).
Returns
message_call_gas: MessageCallGas
def calculate_message_call_gas(value: U256, gas: Uint, gas_left: Uint, memory_cost: Uint, extra_gas: Uint, call_stipend: Uint) -> MessageCallGas:
| 321 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 347 | call_stipend = Uint(0) if value == 0 else call_stipend |
| 348 | if gas_left < extra_gas + memory_cost: |
| 349 | return MessageCallGas(gas + extra_gas, gas + call_stipend) |
| 350 | |
| 351 | gas = min(gas, max_message_call_gas(gas_left - memory_cost - extra_gas)) |
| 352 | |
| 353 | return MessageCallGas(gas + extra_gas, gas + call_stipend) |
max_message_call_gas ¶
Calculates the maximum gas that is allowed for making a message call.
Parameters
gas : The amount of gas provided to the message-call.
Returns
max_allowed_message_call_gas: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The maximum gas allowed for making the message-call.
init_code_cost ¶
Calculates the gas to be charged for the init code in CREATE* opcodes as well as create transactions.
Parameters
init_code_length : The length of the init code provided to the opcode or a create transaction
Returns
init_code_gas: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The gas to be charged for the init code.
calculate_excess_blob_gas ¶
Calculates the excess blob gas for the current block based on the gas used in the parent block.
Parameters
parent_header : The parent block of the current block.
Returns
excess_blob_gas: ethereum.base_types.U64
The excess blob gas for the current block.
def calculate_excess_blob_gas(parent_header: Header | PreviousHeader) -> U64:
| 397 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 412 | # Defaults for a parent without blob gas fields. |
| 413 | excess_blob_gas = U64(0) |
| 414 | blob_gas_used = U64(0) |
| 415 | |
| 416 | if isinstance(parent_header, (Header, PreviousHeader)): |
| 417 | # Read them from any parent that carries the fields, so |
| 418 | # accumulated excess blob gas survives a fork transition. |
| 419 | excess_blob_gas = parent_header.excess_blob_gas |
| 420 | blob_gas_used = parent_header.blob_gas_used |
| 421 | |
| 422 | parent_blob_gas = excess_blob_gas + blob_gas_used |
| 423 | if parent_blob_gas < GasCosts.BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK: |
| 424 | return U64(0) |
| 425 | |
| 426 | return parent_blob_gas - GasCosts.BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK |
calculate_total_blob_gas ¶
Calculate the total blob gas for a transaction.
Parameters
tx : The transaction for which the blob gas is to be calculated.
Returns
total_blob_gas: ethereum.base_types.Uint
The total blob gas for the transaction.
def calculate_total_blob_gas(tx: Transaction) -> U64:
| 430 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 444 | if isinstance(tx, BlobTransaction): |
| 445 | return GasCosts.PER_BLOB * U64(len(tx.blob_versioned_hashes)) |
| 446 | else: |
| 447 | return U64(0) |
calculate_blob_gas_price ¶
Calculate the blob gasprice for a block.
Parameters
excess_blob_gas : The excess blob gas for the block.
Returns
blob_gasprice: Uint
The blob gasprice.
calculate_data_fee ¶
Calculate the blob data fee for a transaction.
Parameters
excess_blob_gas : The excess_blob_gas for the execution. tx : The transaction for which the blob data fee is to be calculated.
Returns
data_fee: Uint
The blob data fee.
def calculate_data_fee(excess_blob_gas: U64, tx: Transaction) -> Uint:
| 473 | <snip> |
|---|---|
| 489 | return Uint(calculate_total_blob_gas(tx)) * calculate_blob_gas_price( |
| 490 | excess_blob_gas |
| 491 | ) |