ethereum.forks.dao_fork.vm.instructions.systemethereum.forks.tangerine_whistle.vm.instructions.system

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) System Instructions.

.. contents:: Table of Contents :backlinks: none :local:

Introduction

Implementations of the EVM system related instructions.

create

Creates a new account with associated code.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def create(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
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    """
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    Creates a new account with associated code.
54
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    Parameters
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    ----------
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    evm :
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        The current EVM frame.
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    """
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    # This import causes a circular import error
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    # if it's not moved inside this method
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    from ...vm.interpreter import STACK_DEPTH_LIMIT, process_create_message
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    # STACK
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    endowment = pop(evm.stack)
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    memory_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
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    memory_size = pop(evm.stack)
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    # GAS
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    extend_memory = calculate_gas_extend_memory(
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        evm.memory, [(memory_start_position, memory_size)]
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    )
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    charge_gas(evm, GAS_CREATE + extend_memory.cost)
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    create_message_gas = evm.gas_left
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    evm.gas_left = Uint(0)
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    create_message_gas = max_message_call_gas(Uint(evm.gas_left))
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    evm.gas_left -= create_message_gas
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    # OPERATION
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    evm.memory += b"\x00" * extend_memory.expand_by
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    sender_address = evm.message.current_target
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    sender = get_account(evm.message.block_env.state, sender_address)
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    contract_address = compute_contract_address(
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        evm.message.current_target,
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        get_account(
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            evm.message.block_env.state, evm.message.current_target
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        ).nonce,
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    )
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    if (
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        sender.balance < endowment
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        or sender.nonce == Uint(2**64 - 1)
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        or evm.message.depth + Uint(1) > STACK_DEPTH_LIMIT
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    ):
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        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
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        evm.gas_left += create_message_gas
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    elif account_has_code_or_nonce(
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        evm.message.block_env.state, contract_address
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    ) or account_has_storage(evm.message.block_env.state, contract_address):
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        increment_nonce(
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            evm.message.block_env.state, evm.message.current_target
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        )
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        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
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    else:
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        call_data = memory_read_bytes(
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            evm.memory, memory_start_position, memory_size
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        )
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        increment_nonce(
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            evm.message.block_env.state, evm.message.current_target
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        )
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        child_message = Message(
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            block_env=evm.message.block_env,
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            tx_env=evm.message.tx_env,
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            caller=evm.message.current_target,
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            target=Bytes0(),
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            gas=create_message_gas,
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            value=endowment,
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            data=b"",
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            code=call_data,
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            current_target=contract_address,
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            depth=evm.message.depth + Uint(1),
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            code_address=None,
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            should_transfer_value=True,
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            parent_evm=evm,
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        )
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        child_evm = process_create_message(child_message)
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        if child_evm.error:
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            incorporate_child_on_error(evm, child_evm)
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            push(evm.stack, U256(0))
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        else:
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            incorporate_child_on_success(evm, child_evm)
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            push(
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                evm.stack, U256.from_be_bytes(child_evm.message.current_target)
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            )
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    # PROGRAM COUNTER
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    evm.pc += Uint(1)

return_

Halts execution returning output data.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def return_(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
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    """
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    Halts execution returning output data.
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    Parameters
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    ----------
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    evm :
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        The current EVM frame.
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    """
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    # STACK
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    memory_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
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    memory_size = pop(evm.stack)
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    # GAS
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    extend_memory = calculate_gas_extend_memory(
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        evm.memory, [(memory_start_position, memory_size)]
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    )
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    charge_gas(evm, GAS_ZERO + extend_memory.cost)
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    # OPERATION
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    evm.memory += b"\x00" * extend_memory.expand_by
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    evm.output = memory_read_bytes(
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        evm.memory, memory_start_position, memory_size
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    )
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    evm.running = False
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    # PROGRAM COUNTER
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    pass

generic_call

Perform the core logic of the CALL* family of opcodes.

def generic_call(​evm: Evm, ​​gas: Uint, ​​value: U256, ​​caller: Address, ​​to: Address, ​​code_address: Address, ​​should_transfer_value: bool, ​​memory_input_start_position: U256, ​​memory_input_size: U256, ​​memory_output_start_position: U256, ​​memory_output_size: U256​) -> None:
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    """
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    Perform the core logic of the `CALL*` family of opcodes.
193
    """
194
    from ...vm.interpreter import STACK_DEPTH_LIMIT, process_message
195
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    if evm.message.depth + Uint(1) > STACK_DEPTH_LIMIT:
197
        evm.gas_left += gas
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        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
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        return
200
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    call_data = memory_read_bytes(
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        evm.memory, memory_input_start_position, memory_input_size
203
    )
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    code = get_account(evm.message.block_env.state, code_address).code
205
    child_message = Message(
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        block_env=evm.message.block_env,
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        tx_env=evm.message.tx_env,
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        caller=caller,
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        target=to,
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        gas=gas,
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        value=value,
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        data=call_data,
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        code=code,
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        current_target=to,
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        depth=evm.message.depth + Uint(1),
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        code_address=code_address,
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        should_transfer_value=should_transfer_value,
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        parent_evm=evm,
219
    )
220
    child_evm = process_message(child_message)
221
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    if child_evm.error:
223
        incorporate_child_on_error(evm, child_evm)
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        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
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    else:
226
        incorporate_child_on_success(evm, child_evm)
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        push(evm.stack, U256(1))
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    actual_output_size = min(memory_output_size, U256(len(child_evm.output)))
230
    memory_write(
231
        evm.memory,
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        memory_output_start_position,
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        child_evm.output[:actual_output_size],
234
    )

call

Message-call into an account.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def call(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
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    """
239
    Message-call into an account.
240
241
    Parameters
242
    ----------
243
    evm :
244
        The current EVM frame.
245
246
    """
247
    # STACK
248
    gas = Uint(pop(evm.stack))
249
    to = to_address_masked(pop(evm.stack))
250
    value = pop(evm.stack)
251
    memory_input_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
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    memory_input_size = pop(evm.stack)
253
    memory_output_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
254
    memory_output_size = pop(evm.stack)
255
256
    # GAS
257
    extend_memory = calculate_gas_extend_memory(
258
        evm.memory,
259
        [
260
            (memory_input_start_position, memory_input_size),
261
            (memory_output_start_position, memory_output_size),
262
        ],
263
    )
264
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    code_address = to
266
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    _account_exists = account_exists(evm.message.block_env.state, to)
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    create_gas_cost = Uint(0) if _account_exists else GAS_NEW_ACCOUNT
269
    transfer_gas_cost = Uint(0) if value == 0 else GAS_CALL_VALUE
270
    message_call_gas = calculate_message_call_gas(
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        evm.message.block_env.state, gas, to, value
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        value,
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        gas,
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        Uint(evm.gas_left),
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        extend_memory.cost,
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        GAS_CALL + create_gas_cost + transfer_gas_cost,
276
    )
277
    charge_gas(evm, message_call_gas.cost + extend_memory.cost)
278
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    # OPERATION
280
    evm.memory += b"\x00" * extend_memory.expand_by
281
    sender_balance = get_account(
282
        evm.message.block_env.state, evm.message.current_target
283
    ).balance
284
    if sender_balance < value:
285
        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
286
        evm.gas_left += message_call_gas.sub_call
287
    else:
288
        generic_call(
289
            evm,
290
            message_call_gas.sub_call,
291
            value,
292
            evm.message.current_target,
293
            to,
294
            code_address,
295
            True,
296
            memory_input_start_position,
297
            memory_input_size,
298
            memory_output_start_position,
299
            memory_output_size,
300
        )
301
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    # PROGRAM COUNTER
303
    evm.pc += Uint(1)

callcode

Message-call into this account with alternative account’s code.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def callcode(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
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    """
308
    Message-call into this account with alternative account’s code.
309
310
    Parameters
311
    ----------
312
    evm :
313
        The current EVM frame.
314
315
    """
316
    # STACK
317
    gas = Uint(pop(evm.stack))
318
    code_address = to_address_masked(pop(evm.stack))
319
    value = pop(evm.stack)
320
    memory_input_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
321
    memory_input_size = pop(evm.stack)
322
    memory_output_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
323
    memory_output_size = pop(evm.stack)
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    # GAS
326
    to = evm.message.current_target
327
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    extend_memory = calculate_gas_extend_memory(
329
        evm.memory,
330
        [
331
            (memory_input_start_position, memory_input_size),
332
            (memory_output_start_position, memory_output_size),
333
        ],
334
    )
335
    transfer_gas_cost = Uint(0) if value == 0 else GAS_CALL_VALUE
336
    message_call_gas = calculate_message_call_gas(
323
        evm.message.block_env.state, gas, to, value
337
        value,
338
        gas,
339
        Uint(evm.gas_left),
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        extend_memory.cost,
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        GAS_CALL + transfer_gas_cost,
342
    )
343
    charge_gas(evm, message_call_gas.cost + extend_memory.cost)
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    # OPERATION
346
    evm.memory += b"\x00" * extend_memory.expand_by
347
    sender_balance = get_account(
348
        evm.message.block_env.state, evm.message.current_target
349
    ).balance
350
    if sender_balance < value:
351
        push(evm.stack, U256(0))
352
        evm.gas_left += message_call_gas.sub_call
353
    else:
354
        generic_call(
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            evm,
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            message_call_gas.sub_call,
357
            value,
358
            evm.message.current_target,
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            to,
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            code_address,
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            True,
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            memory_input_start_position,
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            memory_input_size,
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            memory_output_start_position,
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            memory_output_size,
366
        )
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    # PROGRAM COUNTER
369
    evm.pc += Uint(1)

selfdestruct

Halt execution and register account for later deletion.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def selfdestruct(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
373
    """
374
    Halt execution and register account for later deletion.
375
376
    Parameters
377
    ----------
378
    evm :
379
        The current EVM frame.
380
381
    """
382
    # STACK
383
    beneficiary = to_address_masked(pop(evm.stack))
384
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    # GAS
368
    gas_cost = GAS_ZERO
386
    gas_cost = GAS_SELF_DESTRUCT
387
    if not account_exists(evm.message.block_env.state, beneficiary):
388
        gas_cost += GAS_SELF_DESTRUCT_NEW_ACCOUNT
389
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    originator = evm.message.current_target
391
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    refunded_accounts = evm.accounts_to_delete
393
    parent_evm = evm.message.parent_evm
394
    while parent_evm is not None:
395
        refunded_accounts.update(parent_evm.accounts_to_delete)
396
        parent_evm = parent_evm.message.parent_evm
397
398
    if originator not in refunded_accounts:
379
        evm.refund_counter += int(REFUND_SELF_DESTRUCT)
399
        evm.refund_counter += REFUND_SELF_DESTRUCT
400
401
    charge_gas(evm, gas_cost)
402
403
    # OPERATION
404
    beneficiary_balance = get_account(
405
        evm.message.block_env.state, beneficiary
406
    ).balance
407
    originator_balance = get_account(
408
        evm.message.block_env.state, originator
409
    ).balance
410
411
    # First Transfer to beneficiary
412
    set_account_balance(
413
        evm.message.block_env.state,
414
        beneficiary,
415
        beneficiary_balance + originator_balance,
416
    )
417
    # Next, Zero the balance of the address being deleted (must come after
418
    # sending to beneficiary in case the contract named itself as the
419
    # beneficiary).
420
    set_account_balance(evm.message.block_env.state, originator, U256(0))
421
422
    # register account for deletion
423
    evm.accounts_to_delete.add(originator)
424
425
    # HALT the execution
426
    evm.running = False
427
428
    # PROGRAM COUNTER
429
    pass

delegatecall

Message-call into an account.

Parameters

evm : The current EVM frame.

def delegatecall(​evm: Evm​) -> None:
433
    """
434
    Message-call into an account.
435
436
    Parameters
437
    ----------
438
    evm :
439
        The current EVM frame.
440
441
    """
442
    # STACK
443
    gas = Uint(pop(evm.stack))
444
    code_address = to_address_masked(pop(evm.stack))
445
    memory_input_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
446
    memory_input_size = pop(evm.stack)
447
    memory_output_start_position = pop(evm.stack)
448
    memory_output_size = pop(evm.stack)
449
450
    # GAS
451
    extend_memory = calculate_gas_extend_memory(
452
        evm.memory,
453
        [
454
            (memory_input_start_position, memory_input_size),
455
            (memory_output_start_position, memory_output_size),
456
        ],
457
    )
438
    charge_gas(evm, GAS_CALL + gas + extend_memory.cost)
458
    message_call_gas = calculate_message_call_gas(
459
        U256(0), gas, Uint(evm.gas_left), extend_memory.cost, GAS_CALL
460
    )
461
    charge_gas(evm, message_call_gas.cost + extend_memory.cost)
462
463
    # OPERATION
464
    evm.memory += b"\x00" * extend_memory.expand_by
465
    generic_call(
466
        evm,
444
        gas,
467
        message_call_gas.sub_call,
468
        evm.message.value,
469
        evm.message.caller,
470
        evm.message.current_target,
471
        code_address,
472
        False,
473
        memory_input_start_position,
474
        memory_input_size,
475
        memory_output_start_position,
476
        memory_output_size,
477
    )
478
479
    # PROGRAM COUNTER
480
    evm.pc += Uint(1)